Fracking the Frick

Above: Critic Lewis Mumford was not ecstatic about his visit to the newly opened Frick Collection, unhappy with the museum's crowd-control regulations that limited his view of Giovanni Bellini's masterpiece, St Francis in Ecstasy, among other things. (wikiart.org/communitydevelopmentarchive.org)

Considered one of the finest museums in the U.S., the Frick Collection on the Upper East Side of Manhattan was established in 1935 to preserve steel magnate Henry Clay Frick’s priceless 14th- to 19th-century European paintings as well as the Frick house and its furnishings. When it opened to the public on Dec. 16, 1935, museum staff distributed timed-entry tickets to prevent crowding, and therein lay the rub for New Yorker critic Lewis Mumford.

December 28, 1935 cover by William Cotton. Exclusively a cover artist for The New Yorker, Cotton (1880–1958) produced fifty-five covers for the magazine.

The timed tickets, along with ropes that forced visitors to follow a defined path, spoiled the museum’s debut for Mumford, who was one of its few detractors. In these excerpts Mumford addressed the crowd control measures, and criticized the furniture and other “bric-a-brac” that further served to obstruct his viewing pleasure:

ROPES AND BRIC-A-BRAC presented obstacles to Mumford’s visit at the opening of the Frick Collection. Clockwise, from top left, view of the Frick mansion, circa 1935; installation view of the Living Hall, 1935; West Gallery, 1935; invitation to the opening of The Frick Collection, 1935. (businessinsider.com/Frick Art Reference Library Archives)

The Frick’s recent renovation and expansion has also had its detractors; after enduring a long and contentious proposal review process and five years of renovation and construction, the Frick reopened to the public in April 2025. It seems most attendees appreciate the changes.

OLD AND NEW…The Frick Collection’s home today, with expansion to the right. (untappedcities)

Mumford also took a look at the latest work by ceramic sculptor Russell Aitken (1910-2002), comparing his work to that of a cartoonist. Aitken was a rather odd duck in the art world, renowned both for his quirky sculptures as well as for his exploits as a big game hunter.

KILLER ARTWORK…Russell Aitken had eclectic tastes, to say the least, ranging from creating cutesy ceramics and cartoonish enamels to murdering Cape buffalo. Top left, Virgins of Mogambo, enamel on metal, 1935; bottom left, The Cactus Kid, ceramic, 1932. At right, midcentury whiskey ad featuring Aiken as a big game hunter. (Cleveland Museum of Art/findagrave.com)

It’s always a little dicey to review the work of a colleague, but in the case of Peter Arno, Mumford had mostly praise, some of it quite high, that is except for Arno’s “white-whiskered major” which Mumford characterized as a “lazy, pat form.”

Thankfully Arno ignored Mumford’s criticism and continued to draw his “white-whiskered major.” Here he is in a delightful 1937 cartoon featured on one of my favorite New Yorker-related sites, Attempted Bloggery:

Caption reads: “I Only Kill For Food.”

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Shock of the New

E.B. White, ever skeptical of newfangled inventions, saw no reason why The New Yorker’s old ice-filled water cooler needed to be replaced by a “rattling” electric one:

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O Tannenbaum

Two decades before Rockefeller Plaza raised its giant Christmas tree (or before Rockefeller Center even existed), New Yorkers gathered around a “Tree of Light” at Madison Square. “The Talk of the Town” remembered:

TREE OF LIGHT…America’s first outdoor Christmas tree lighting apparently occurred in Madison Square Park in 1912 (the “Talk” excerpt cited 1911). Bowery Boys History notes that “the organizers knew they were doing something unique, but probably did not realize the special significance of the event. Their 70-foot-tall imported tree from the Adirondacks, festooned with lights from the Edison Company, would be the first outdoor community Christmas tree in the United States.” (Library of Congress )

According to Bowery Boys History, in 1912 “this ‘Tree of Light’, mounted in cement, was such a novelty that almost 25,000 people showed up that night [Christmas Eve] to witness it and enjoy an evening-long slate of choral entertainment.” The following year, The New York Times reported that the Salvation Army took over the event, offering up “10,000 hot sausages and 10,000 cups of hot coffee” for the crowds.

The celebration was sparked by social activists seeking to draw attention to the needs of the city’s poor. On Christmas Day, 1912, the Times ran extensive coverage, and noted the charitable tone of the event in this excerpt:

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Honor Roll

Joseph P. Pollard and W.E. Farbstein covered a two-page spread, listing individuals of “Special Distinction” in honor of the New Year…here is a brief excerpt:

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Best (and Worst) of Broadway

Robert Benchley reviewed the hits and misses of the fall Broadway season, and admitted he had become something of a softhearted theatre critic after spending six months in Hollywood.

MEET THE GANG…Among the plays recommended by Robert Benchley was Dead End, which opened at the Belasco Theatre on Oct. 28,1935 and ran for 687 performances before closing on June 12, 1937. The play featured an impressive set design by Norman Bel Geddes (top) and introduced the Dead End Kids (aka the Bowery Boys), various teams of young actors who made 89 films and three serials for four different studios during their 21-year film career. The photo above shows the original six Dead End Kids—front row, from left, Huntz Hall, Gabriel Dell, Leo Gorcey and Billy Halop; back row, Bobby Jordan and Bernard Punsly. (deadendmusical.com)

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At the Movies

New Yorkers could nurse their holiday hangovers with a variety of films, ranging from the “very pleasant” The Perfect Gentleman to the “overdressed” Captain Blood, which featured a young Errol Flynn as a rather gentle pirate. As for the late year’s most anticipated film, A Tale of Two Cities, critic John Mosher found a few bright spots between his yawns, including praise for Blanche Yurka’s standout performance as Madame DeFarge.

GENTLE MAN AND GENTLE PIRATE…At left, Forrester Harvey and Frank Morgan in The Perfect Gentleman; at right, Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland in Captain Blood. The film launched the 26-year-old Flynn and the 19-year-old de Havilland into Hollywood stardom, and marked the beginning of Flynn’s swashbuckler image. (MGM/IMDB)
I’M LOSING MY HEAD OVER YOU…Clockwise, from top left, Sydney Carton (Ronald Colman) would lose his noggin to the guillotine in a scheme to save Lucie Manette (Elizabeth Allan) in A Tale of Two Cities; veteran theater actress Blanche Yurka, who learned to knit for her acclaimed role as Madame Defarge, is shown here in a front row seat before the guillotine—it was Yurka’s first film role; at the bottom, the execution scene at the Place de la Révolution. (bluray.com/michaelbalter.substack.com)

If piracy and revolution were “too much for your holiday nerves,” Mosher suggested the latest Shirley Temple film, The Littlest Rebel, featuring the superstar moppet dancing her way through the Civil War (and, unfortunately, performing a scene in blackface). Also on tap was the the musical comedy, Coronado.

SEEKING A PRESIDENTIAL PARDON, little Virgie Cary (Shirley Temple) asks President Lincoln (Frank McGlynn Sr.) to bestow mercy on her Confederate father in The Littlest Rebel; below, Alice White, Leon Errol and Jack Haley in the musical comedy Coronado. Haley is best known today as the Tin Man in 1939’s The Wizard of Oz. (whitehousehistory.org/themovieb.org)

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From Our Advertisers

We look in on our advertisers, beginning with this from Stage magazine…the actor portraying Nero is likely from the play Achilles Had a Heel, which closed after just eight performances…

John Mosher wasn’t wowed by MGM’s A Tale of Two Cities, even if the Capitol Theatre promised a spectacle with “a cast of 8,000″…

…this back of the book ad promised entertainment by “Society Amateurs” selected from the “Sunday Evening Debut Parties”…

…the brewers of Guinness promoted the health benefits of their product for the New Year…

…and the makers of Camels continued to print testimonials touting the invigorating effects of their cigarettes…

…on to our cartoonists, with William Steig taking stock of the Christmas haul…

Helen Hokinson’s girls were looking for the hottest show in town…

Barney Tobey was the latest cartoonist to take a shot at the boss-secretary trope…

Otto Soglow gave us a singing fish…

George Price came across a landscaping challenge…

Whitney Darrow Jr focused on a visit to the optometrist…

Robert Day gave us a party pooper too pooped to party…

…and Peter Arno offered a glimpse into his active nightlife…

…before we go, I ran across this cocktail book, So Red the Nose, at Messy Nessy’s Cabinet of Curiosities

…this particular tome featured an Alexander Woollcott recipe for a cocktail called “While Rome Burns”…

…you can flip through the entire book at this site

Next Time: The Lindberghs Skip Town…

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David O

I read and write about history from the perspective that history is not some artifact from the past but a living, breathing condition we inhabit every moment of our lives, or as William Faulkner once observed, "The past is never dead. It's not even past." I read original source materials, such as every issue of The New Yorker, not only as a way to understand a time from a particular perspective, but to also use the source as an aggregator of various historic events. I welcome comments, criticisms, corrections and insights as I stumble along through the century.

2 thoughts on “Fracking the Frick”

  1. Dear David, as a collector of old New Yorkers (1920s through 1960s) — I have over 150 of them — I cannot thank you enough for your “A New Yorker State of Mind” blog. It is simply wonderful and helps to remind me how great the magazine was in its prime. I have been a subscriber since 1973 when I graduated from college yet I started to “read” the magazine when I was a small child, getting hooked from an early age on the cartoons of Peter Arno, George Price, William Steig, Charles Addams, Gluyas Williams, and many others even before I could read the articles or captions. Thanks much for your current review in the December 28, 1935 issue blog of the Dead End Kids (Bowery Boys). I had forgotten that I had loved watching their antics when their shorts were still on TV. Today, in the magazine’s Condé Nast era, your log is a valuable historical reference since I can no longer call and speak to the New Yorker’s librarian as I did a number of times before they did away with that possibility after its acquisition by Condé Nast and relocation from 20 West 43rd Street. I will say, though, I am pleased you can review every issue of The New Yorker from its archive. Thanks for the good work. Happy New Year.

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